Understanding The Science Of Fear

October 30, 2020
Understanding The Science Of Fear

WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF FEAR?

Fear is the initial response to a real or imagined perception of danger. An abnormal degree of fear, or a fear inappropriate to its cause is called a phobia. The fear response starts in a region of the brain called the amygdala. This almond-shaped set of nuclei in the brain is dedicated to detecting how much something stands out to us. A threat stimulus, such as the sight of a predator, triggers a fear response in the amygdala which activates areas involved in the preparation for fight or flight response.

Another part of the brain called the hippocampus is closely connected with the amygdala which helps interpret the perceived threat. Along with the prefrontal cortex, they are involved in a higher-level processing of context, which helps a person know if the perceived threat is real. For instance, seeing a lion in the wild can trigger a strong fear reaction, but the response to viewing the same lion at a zoo is more of curiosity. This is because the hippocampus and the frontal cortex process contextual information, and inhibitory pathways dampen the amygdala’s fear response.

FEAR IS EXPERIENCED IN THE MIND, BUT TRIGGERS A STRONG PHYSICAL REACTION

The heart rate and blood pressure increase and the eye pupils dilate to take in as much light as possible. Nonessential systems such as the immune system and digestion turn themselves off to allow more energy to go towards emergency functions. Not to mention, veins in the skin constrict which keeps blood in the major muscle groups.

FEAR AS ENTERTAINMENT

So, if fear is such a core component of our survival, and only overcomes us in the direst of situations, then why do some people enjoy being scared? It might depend on your brain, or it might depend on the manner in which you are being scared (or both). Dopamine is one of the hormones that is released during frightening situations. Also known as the ‘feel good’ hormone, it is responsible for your brain to feel happiness. When dopamine flows during a fearful situation, some people react more strongly to it than others.

Another reason people enjoy being scared is because they know they’re actually safe. When we walk through haunted houses, watch scary movies on Netflix, or ride the biggest roller coasters, we trick our brain into triggering our fight-or-flight responses. As a result, we experience adrenaline, hormones, and dopamine, but also know that we are totally safe and secure.

STAYING SAFE DURING THIS HALLOWEEN

It is predicted that there will be an increase in individuals being admitted to a medical facility during this time of the year. Particularly, this year’s Halloween in the midst of a pandemic, might result in an increased demand for ventilators, PPE, and ICU beds among our medical professionals. Therefore, we would like to implore everyone going trick-treating or handing out candy to practice social distancing, wearing a mask, and keeping hands sanitized.

WHAT IS THE MEANING OF FEAR?

So, as you ponder on the question this Halloween, remember that fear may be as old as life itself.  It is a fundamental deeply wired reaction that has evolved over the history of biology, to protect organisms against perceived threats. Accompanied by other natural emotions, facing fears is what ultimately makes us all too human.

What are your scariest phobias? Do you like being scared? Let us know in the comments below!

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